Other essential predecessors of film were those devices that created the illusion of motion by taking advantage of the persistence of vision and the stroboscopic effect, such as the thaumatrope, phenakistoscope or wheel of life, zoetrope or magic drum and praxinoscope and later on, the more sophisticated flip-books such as the kinora and mutoscope.
Camera | Ertan Erdogan | Camera Operator |
Camera | Joe Wentrup | Camera Operator |
Editing | Astrid Nicklaus | Editor |
Directing | Werner Nekes | Director |
Visual Effects | Katrin Köster | Animation |
Production | Werner Nekes | Producer |
Sound | Helge Schneider | Music |
Visual Effects | Michel Klöfkorn | Animation |
Sound | Dietrich Hahne | Music |
Camera | Serge Roman | Camera Operator |
Visual Effects | Lutz Garmsen | Animation |
Visual Effects | Norbert Schliewe | Animation |
Camera | Bernd Upnmoor | Camera Operator |
Sound | Norbert Schlawien | Sound |
Writing | Werner Nekes | Writer |